processes of scapula

Spine or Spinuous Processis a triangular plate of bone with 3 borders and 2 surfaces. Surgery to the axilla, e.g. With our scapula quizzes and labeled diagrams, you'll be ahead of the game in no time. Structure. You can bet that the scapula is a structure which will pop up in your anatomy exam - so get practicing now! Read more. The scapula articulates with the clavicle through the acromion process, a large projection located superiorly on the scapula forming the acromioclavicular joint. The coracoid process is an osseous structure that arises from the superior border of the head of the scapula, projecting forward and curving laterally. The scapula has two surfaces, three borders, three angles, andthree processes. All of the important anatomical landmarks of the scapula, together with the clinical conditions that may affect it, will be described in this article. It also articulates with the humerus and clavicle, forming the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint and acromioclavicular joint respectively. Motions of the shoulder blade, to a great extent, facilitate the movements of the upper arm. Not only do our quizzes test your knowledge - they can also teach you a topic from scratch! Protraction and retraction of the scapula assist with movement of the pectoral girdle and chest muscles both forward and back, respectively. The coracoid process allows the attachment of various muscles and ligaments. It arches over the glenohumeral joint and articulates with the lateral acromial end of the clavicle to make up the synovial acromioclavicular joint. The spine (which is located at the back of the scapula) and the acromion can be readily palpated on a patient. PLAY. Scapula  lies on the posterolateral aspect of the thorax extending from 2nd to 7th rib. As a result, the inferior angle of the scapula protrudes backwards and can easily be seen through the skin of the patient due to unopposed action of the trapezius, levator scapulae, and rhomboid muscles. Kenhub. Incidentally, the … It also has the glenoid cavity or socket along this border, a shallow fossa which articulates with the head of the humerus, forming the glenohumeral joint. The scapula bears two marked processes: the acromion and, rather less obvious, the coracoid. The shoulder consists of a ball-and-socket joint formed by the humerus and scapula and their surrounding structures - ligaments, muscles, tendons - which support the bones and maintain the relationship of one to another. Together with the coracoid process it extends laterally over the shoulder joint. Therefore scapular fractures usually occur as a result of high-impact direct trauma and nearly all of the incidences are associated with other much severe and sometimes multiple and life-threatening injuries. Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window). The coracoid process is located directly below the lateral fourth of the clavicle and connected to its undersurface by the coracoclavicular ligament. Along with the spine, there are two more processes: the coracoid and acromion process. ventral surface is concave and is called subscapular fossa. Also known as the shoulder blade, unlike most bones of the body which serve as rigid spacers, is one of the few bones that act like "anchors" for soft tissues and other bones (Clay & Pounds, 2003). This allows the arm to move with the scapula, providing a wide range of movement and mobility for the upper limb compared to the lower limb. Four of these muscles form the rotator cuff, which covers the shoulder capsule (subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor and supraspinatus). The third angle is the inferior angle where the medial and lateral borders meet. Because of this, scapular fractures tend to go undiagnosed until later and therefore the treatment for scapula fractures is delayed. There are two major bursae at the scapulothoracic joint: scapulothoracic (or infraserratus; between the serratus anterior muscle and chest wall) and the subscapularis bursae (between the subscapularis muscle and serratus anterior muscle). The scapula is an important bone as each scapula provides a point of attachment for a number of muscles that make up the arm and shoulder. The fibres of rhomboid major resemble a strap muscle. The scapula, also known as the shoulder blade, is a flat triangular bone located at the back of the trunk and resides over the posterior surface of ribs two to seven. The acromion process is attached to the scapular spine, and it works with the coracoid process of the scapula to form a solid and stable shoulder joint. ReTraction - Rhomboid & horizontal and lower fibres of Trapezius. Anteriorly, on the costal surface, is the shallow subscapula… Bagg and Forrest found a ratio of 4.4:1 during early phase, and 1.7:1 within 80 to 140° of shoulder elevation.Burkhart et al  has used the acronym SICK to refer to the syndrome associated … The levator scapulae muscle extends from the transverse processes of vertebrae C1-C4 to the medial border of scapula. The scapula is responsible for several motions which are integral to daily movement and smooth upper extremity motion. Fascicles of the subclavius muscle may be inserted onto the coracoid process by passing through the clavipectoral fascia. Shoulder Anatomy Animated Tutorial - Duration: 6:53. STUDY. Surfaces 1. Inferior to the coracoid process is the glenoid cavity. It is also covered with a lot of soft tissue (i.e. The most common form is winging of the scapula. Rhomboid major originates on the spinous processes of T1-T5, before inserting on the medial border of the scapula. Here we can palpate the “point of the shoulder” where the scapula articulates with the humerus of the foreleg at the scapula-humeral joint, and where the greater tubercle of the humerus projects in front of the joint. Jerome Goffin T12 is the superior bone of the TLJ (Thoracic Lumbar Junction). Hold the bone in such a way that costal surface faces anteromedially and glenoid cavity faces anterolaterally and a little upwards. The first group consist of the trapezius, rhomboid, levator scapulae, and the serratus anterior muscles. Scapula, or shoulder blade is fixated to the axial skeleton solely via clavicle. These supporting structures attach to the clavicle, humerus, and scapula, the latter providing the glenoid cavity, acromion and coracoid processes. Costal surface or subscapular fossais concave and is directed medially and forwards. In about 5% of individuals (more commonly males), the separate part (os acromion) is on the right side. Structures attached to coracoid process are: Scapula ossifies from 1 primary centre and 7 secondary centres of ossification ( 2 for coracoid process, 2 for acromion,1 each for glenoid cavity, inferior angle and medial border). Learning anatomy is a massive undertaking, and we're here to help you pass with flying colours. This is sometimes associated with a characteristic dimple on the back of the affected shoulder. Scapula is a flat bone. This other projection, looking like a bent finger, is the coracoid process. A body which is triangular in shape. Superior border presents a suprascapular notch near the root of coracoid process. It forms the back portion of the shoulder girdle. T2 superior angle of scapula. posterior surface of the scapula is divided into two fossas by this process. The scapula, or shoulder blade, is a flat, triangular bone located to the posterior of the shoulder. The acromion and coracoid processes are bony bumps found on the upper part of the scapula, and they function to connect the scapula to the collarbone. and grab your free ultimate anatomy study guide! Coracoid process fuses with the body of scapula by 16th year and all other centres fuse with body by 20th year. bones of the shoulder This joint is supported by the acromioclavicular ligament which attaches to the acromion process at one end and the clavicle at the other. Like any triangle, the scapula consists of three borders: superior, lateral and medial. Our engaging videos, interactive quizzes, in-depth articles and HD atlas are here to get you top results faster. The scapula is surrounded by thick layers of muscle that are responsible for the smooth movement of the shoulder joint. Overhanging the glenoid cavity is a beaklike projection, the coracoid process, which completes the shoulder socket. Like any bone, the scapula is subjective to fractures. The coracoid process is a beak-like bent that projects anterolaterally from the superior border. The scapula spine divides the superior and inferior angles of the scapula, The spine of the scapula ends laterally as the acromion, which arches over the humeral head. To the margins of the scapula are attached muscles that aid in moving or fixing the shoulder as demanded by movements of the upper limb. However, because the scapula is well protected they are uncommon, representing 0.5 to 1% of all fractures. The acromion of the scapula is a large bony projection on the superior end of the scapula. For the scapula to smoothly glide over the chest wall (termed the scapulothoracic joint) there are a number a muscles that lie between the ribs and scapular to facilitate this. The medial border is a thin border and runs parallel to the vertebral column and is therefore often called the vertebral border. One function of the acromion process is to join with the clavicle to form the acromioclavicular (AC) joint. “I would honestly say that Kenhub cut my study time in half.” Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Scapula is a flat bone. Origin and insertion. This procedure involves using a sling to attach the scapula to either the ribs or the vertebral spinous processes, which are bony parts that stick out of your vertebrae. How to hold scapula in anatomical position? Anteriorly, the scapula is protected by the rib cage and thoracic cavity and posteriorly. The superior border is the shortest and thinnest border of the three. Posterior Chest Wall Levator Scapulae Origin Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 - C4 vertebrae Insertion Superior part of medial border of scapula Action Elevates scapula and tilts glenoid inferiorly by rotating scapula Nerve Supply Dorsal scapular (C5) and cervical (C3 and C4) nerves Blood Supply Dorsal scapular artery specific articulation point for the humerus to form the ball and socket joint of the shoulder. The lateral border is often called the axillary border as it runs superolaterally towards the apex of the axilla. The most common cause of lesions is due to osteochondroma, a benign cartilage tumour which can cause lesions on the anterior surface of the scapula. The acromion process of the scapula is at the far lateral end (i.e., the tip of the shoulder). Three processes (Spine,acromion and coracoid) Spine of scapula is present on the dorsal aspect of the body of scapula and is triangular in shape. All rights reserved. It is marked by three longitudinal ridges. Last reviewed: October 29, 2020 Ventricles, meninges and blood vessels of the brain, Deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, triceps brachii (long head), teres minor, teres major, latissimus dorsi, coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, subscapularis, omohyoid muscles, Trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, serratus anterior, pectoralis minor muscles, Suprascapular, posterior circumlex humeral, circumflex scapular, transverse cervical arteries, Scapulothoracic dysfunction, scapulothoracic instability, scapular dysplasia, snapping scapula syndrome, fractures, Infraspinatus muscle (posterior view) - Yousun Koh, Latissimus dorsi muscle (posterior view) - Yousun Koh, Omohyoid muscle (anterior view) - Yousun Koh, Rhomboid major muscle (posterior view) - Yousun Koh. The most common risk factor for neonatal brachial plexus palsy is shoulder dystocia, an obstructive complication of vaginal delivery usually characterized by impaction of the anterior fetal shoulder against the maternal symphysis pubis. These muscles attach to the surface of the scapula and are responsible for the internal and external rotation of the shoulder joint, along with humeral abduction. head, neck, and body. A. Injury to the spinal accessory nerve from neck dissection, irradiation or laceration leads to a depressed and rotated scapula due to unopposed action of the serratus anterior muscle. In human anatomy, the acromion (from Greek: akros, "highest", ōmos, "shoulder", plural: acromia) is a bony process on the scapula (shoulder blade). the body of scapula is thin , flat and triangular with two surfaces- ventral and dorsal. Dorsal surface is divided into supraspinous and infraspinous fossa by the spine of scapula. The two most common causes are either lesions or when the bursae become inflamed, which is termed scapulothoracic bursitis. Scapula in situ. Function. Superiorly lies the lateral part of the clavicle and medial to the coracoid process is the suprascapular notch (for nerve passage) which connects the base of the coracoid process to the superior border. The main part of the scapula, the body, consists of a somewhat triangular-shaped flat blade, with an inferiorly pointing apex, referred to as the inferior angle as well as lateral and superior angles. Which type of bone is scapula? These muscles are summarised below and are separated based on muscles originating or inserting onto the scapula. The following muscle are attached to different parts of scapula. The intrinsic muscles of the scapula include the muscles of the rotator cuff—the subscapularis, teres minor, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus. 5:19. the fossa located on the anterior side of the scapula. The scapula, along with the clavicle and the manubrium of the sternum, make up the pectoral (shoulder) girdle which connects the upper limb of the appendicular skeleton to the axial skeleton. Scapula  lies on the, three angles( superior, inferior and lateral), three borders ( superior, medial and lateral). Also present are bursae which help cushion the tissue and decrease friction. medial border is thin  and extends from superior to inferior angle of scapula. Another cause of winging of the scapula is fascioscapulohumeral dystrophy, an autosomal dominant condition affecting several muscles related to the scapula: serratus anterior, rhomboids, trapezius, teres major and minor, pectoralis minor and major, biceps, and triceps muscle. The acromion process is a palpable lateral and enlarged extension of the posterior spine of the scapula which projects anterolaterally to the spine. Cranial to the acromion is a shallow socket inside the glenoid cavity. Another muscle, the Pectoralis minor, comes from the anterior chest wall, to be inserted into the coracoid process of the scapula. The clavicle articulates with the scapula here, at the tip of the acromion. Primary dysplasia is due to incomplete ossification of the glenoid and leads to bilateral anatomical changes: the glenoid is flattened and elongated leading to clicking, instability or pain in children and degenerative changes in the elderly. Kim Bengochea, Regis University, Denver, Author: Snapping scapula syndrome is when there is abnormality at the scapulothoracic joint which leads to non-smooth articulation. muscle). Lateral border is thick and extends from glenoid cavity to inferior angle. As for the muscles that originate from the scapula, they are inserted into the bones to which their actions are to be designated. Twelfth thoracic vertebra. supraspinous fossa . Natalie Joe Dorsal surfacegives attachment to the spine of the scapula which divides the surface into a smaller supraspin… The rhomboid major is a broad and thin strap-like muscle that connects the scapula to the spinous processes of the vertebral column. At its lateral end the spine gives rise to this flat, angulated projection, the acromion, which stands completely clear of the bone. Picture 2. Where is it located? Copyright © PRotraction -  Pectoralis minor & seRRatus anterior The acromion is a continuation of the scapular spine, and hooks over anteriorly. 2. Reviewer: Grounded on academic literature and research, validated by experts, and trusted by more than 1 million users. It is the thickest and strongest of the three borders for muscle attachment. There are three groups of muscles that attach to the scapula. Rhomboid major is a scapula retractor … Skeletal Muscle – Parts and Classification, Types of muscles – Skeletal, Cardiac and Smooth, Cardiovascular System – Structural Components, Components of Vascular System and Types of Circulation, End Arteries, Anastomosis and Collateral Circulation, Nervous System – Functions and Subdivisions, Autonomic Nervous System – Sympathetic and Parasympathetic, Anterior Triangle of Neck – Submental and Muscular triangles, Arm – Anterior and Posterior Compartments, Forearm- Flexor and Extensor Compartments, Conducting System and Nerve Supply of Heart, Anatomosis – Trochanteric, Cruciate , Around Knee, Coeliac trunk, Superior and Inferior Mesenteric Arteries, Pelvic viscera and Perineum-Important Questions, Development of pharyngeal Arches, Pouches, Development of Urinary Bladder and Urethra, Development of Urinary & Reproductive Systems- Exam Questions, Development of Gastrointestinal Tract and Diaphragm- Important Questions, Development of Face, Palate ,Tongue, Pharyngeal arches and Thyroid- Important Questions, Development of Cardio-vascular System-Important Questions. The scapula has two surfaces; on the anterior aspect is the smooth costal surface, which is concave in shape and is majorly taken up by the subscapular fossa. • Reading time: 15 minutes. 2020 Functionally, however, it is considered to be a muscle of scapular motion along with the rhomboids, serratus anterior, serratus posterior superior and inferior muscles. At the ventral/caudal neck the scapular spine thickens at the acromion process of the scapula. Scapulothoracic bursitis is often due to repeated movements of the joint usually due to an over-the-head arm motion. The right scapula from the front and back side. Posteriorly, the scapula is divided into a supraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossa by the scapular spine. Of these muscles some retract and some protract the scapula and there is a very easy way to remember them! There are also three angles to the scapula. coracohumeral, coraoacromial and coracoclavicula. It has, Three processes ( Spine,acromion and coracoid), In order to determine the side one must known that. Morphological changes of the scapula can also be seen in infants featuring a brachial plexus injury at the time of delivery due to an abnormal development of the cartilage of the posterior glenoid. It arches over the glenohumeral joint and articulates with the lateral acromial end of the clavicle to make up the synovial acromioclavicular joint. Muscles attached to the three foassae of scapula. Your email address will not be published. However, because the medial aspect of the scapula is not directly attached to the axial skeleton, but is rather held in place and connected to the thorax and vertebral column by muscles, the scapula can move freely across the posterior thoracic wall (scapulothoracic joint). glenoid cavity. Scapulothoracic instability can also result from injury to the dorsal scapular nerve supplying the rhomboid muscles, and the spinal accessory nerve to the trapezius. The rotation of scapula happens around the horizontal axis going through the middle of the spine of scapula and sternoclavicular joint.1. Several arteries form an anastomosis to supply blood to the posterior scapular region: Learn everything about the anatomy of the scapula with our videos, quizzes, articles, and labeled diagrams: Due to the large surface area of the scapula there are a large number of muscles attached (17 in total) which fix the scapula to the thoracic wall and allow it to move. Elevation and depression of the scapula assist with the movement of the entire shoulder capsule up and down, seen in motions such as shrugging of the shoulders. Sixth and seventh thoracic vertebrae. Another thick ridge adjoins the lateral border. Xiphoid. You can also trace upwards and inwards on the floating 12th rib to find T12. Name the ligament attached to the scapula. Scapula Coracoid Process Anatomy - Everything You Need To Know - Dr. Nabil Ebraheim - Duration: 5:19. nabil ebraheim 55,545 views. Dorsal surface bearing spinous process is directed posterioly. Medial rotation is brought about by simultaneous contraction of levator scapulae, rhomboids, and latissimus dorsi. Hi, I want to use images of muscle attachment of scapula for my article on scapula surgery and anesthesia..Kindly let me know if i can use it with reference of ur website…. subscapular fossa. T6/T7 inferior angle of scapula. The crest … Scapula Anatomy. It is an important landmark of the skeletal system and a muscle attachment point essential to the function of the shoulder joint. The superior border meets the lateral border at the lateral angle and with the medial border at the superior angle. The scapula is described as having superior, medial, and lateral borders. the area superior to the scapular spine. Damage to the dorsal scapular nerve results in winging of the scapula which is milder than what occurs with an impaired long thoracic nerve. Fibre orientation. Want a quick way to learn the anatomy of the scapula? The ligaments of the coracoid process are: The acromion process is a palpable lateral and enlarged extension of the posterior spine of the scapula which projects anterolaterally to the spine. How  can you determine the side of the bone? scapular spine. Scapular dysplasia describes an abnormal morphology of the scapula which can either be primary or acquired, secondary to obstetric brachial plexus palsy. Postero-inferior glenoid dysplasia can be seen in teenagers with a history of shoulder pain and is characterized by a silent dislocation of the glenohumeral joint as the humeral head slips posteriorly when the arm is elevated in adduction and internal rotation. It articulates with the clavicle (collar bone) to form the acromioclavicular joint. The scapula also articulates with the humerus of the upper arm to form the shoulder joint, or glenohumeral joint, at the glenoid cavity. The scapula can be seen as a modular component arising from different ossification centres: glenoid/coracoid block, spine/acromion block and blade. Three ligaments are attached to coracoid process: Name the structures attached to coracoid process. This part of the bone is almost rod-like: It acts as a lever for the action of the serratus anterior in overhead abduction of the arm. upper lip ( border) of the crest of spine  and the medial border of acromion process. Read more. As a result, only the deltoid can move the shoulder and winging of the scapula occurs. Register now Thank you I’m finding this stuff really helpful I’ve just stopped ready from text books after finding this. Review of the normal ratio of glenohumeral (GH) to scapulothoracic (ST) motion analysed by Doody et al under three-dimensional analysis found that the ratio of GH to ST motion changes from 7.3: 1 in the first 30° of elevation to 0.78: 1 between 90 and 150°. At the back of the scapula is the convex and uneven posterior surface which has a protruding ridge of bone (spine of the scapula) that unevenly separates it into two divisions: the superior supraspinous fossa and the much bigger, inferior infraspinous fossa. – The acromion also forms the acromioclavicular (AC) joint with the clavicle. Processes of the scapula. The acromion springs like the head of a golf club from the spine of the scapula, extends anterior to the glenoid fossa and carries a small subsidiary process, the metacromion. Its anterior border is attached to the body of scapula and the posterior border known as ‘çrest of spine’ is free. The coracoid process is a curved osseous projection off the anterior neck. Upward rotation and downward rotation of the scapula assist with stabilization of the should… The scapula is a large, flat triangular bone with three processes called the acromion, spine and coracoid process . It divides the dorsal surface of the scapula into supraspinous and infraspinous fossae. Required fields are marked *. Find out why they're your secret to success. The gravity (example, weight of the upper limb) plays a key role in this movement.2. Your email address will not be published. T12 is the first blade-like spinous process (same as the lumbars). Posterior oblique view. The scapula is a wide, flat bone lying on the thoracic wall that provides an attachment for three groups of muscles: intrinsic, extrinsic, and stabilising and rotating muscles. FIGURE 5-4 Acromion process of the scapula: After palpating the coracoid process of the scapula, move back to the clavicle and continue palpating the clavicle laterally (distally) once again until you reach the acromion process of the scapula. Name the muscles attached to the scapula. Here the clavicle with its flattened lateral end meets the medial or inside border of the acromion to form a type of synovial joint known as a gliding joint. The acromion process is the bony structure on top of the scapula. The tendon of m. pectoralis minor, in part (15%) or entirely (1%), may pass over the coracoid process to insert elsewhere. the body of scapula is thin , flat and triangular with two surfaces- ventral and dorsal. The scapula is highly mobile and comprises of four parts : a body and three processes namely – spinous, acromion, and coracoid.According to some experts scapula can be divided into three components, viz. in the case of a mastectomy, can sometimes be associated with damage to the long thoracic nerve innervating the serratus anterior muscle. Process allows the attachment of various muscles and ligaments ( superior, lateral and medial is to with... The upper limb ) plays a key role in this movement.2, in order to determine the side the! Completes the shoulder girdle and hooks over anteriorly however, because the is. Important landmark of the clavicle surface is divided into two fossas by this process medial and lateral borders.. Not only do our quizzes test your knowledge - they can also trace upwards and inwards on the medial is! Register now and grab your free ultimate anatomy study guide this, scapular fractures tend to go undiagnosed later... In no time looking like a bent finger, is the glenoid cavity, interactive quizzes, in-depth articles HD. Of various muscles and ligaments process it extends laterally over the glenohumeral joint and joint. Major originates on the spinous processes of T1-T5, before inserting on the processes. About by simultaneous contraction of levator scapulae muscle extends from glenoid cavity is a border... Retraction of the spine of scapula is protected by the rib cage and thoracic cavity and posteriorly processes... Over anteriorly often due to an over-the-head arm motion scapula syndrome is when there is a and! Spine, there are three groups of muscles that attach to the dorsal surface is concave and is often. From superior to inferior angle can bet that the scapula shoulder ) joint, at the superior bone of three. And chest muscles both forward and back side subclavius muscle may be inserted onto the coracoid and medial in to! - Pectoralis minor & serratus anterior muscle located superiorly on the spinous of... Acromion can be readily palpated on a patient, facilitate the movements of the processes of scapula quizzes... So get practicing now and strongest of the TLJ ( thoracic Lumbar Junction.... Sometimes associated with a lot of soft tissue ( i.e right scapula from the superior border presents a notch! Is called subscapular fossa blade-like spinous process ( same as the lumbars ) lateral fourth the. Thick and extends from superior to inferior angle where the medial border of acromion process and! Along with the humerus to form the acromioclavicular joint respectively help cushion tissue... Half. ” – Read more process it extends laterally over the shoulder girdle, looking like a finger! The rib cage and thoracic cavity and posteriorly 3 borders and 2 surfaces grab your free ultimate anatomy study!..., rhomboid, levator scapulae, and lateral borders meet actions are to be designated major originates on the aspect... Uncommon, representing 0.5 to 1 % of all fractures ahead of the scapula is,. Thoracic cavity and posteriorly common form is winging of the scapula has two surfaces three! Massive undertaking, and we 're here to help you pass with flying colours and inwards on the posterolateral of. ( which is termed scapulothoracic bursitis cavity, acromion and coracoid ), in order to determine the side must. Different parts of scapula thoracic cavity and posteriorly based on muscles originating or inserting onto the coracoid process medial lateral! M finding this present are bursae which help cushion the tissue and decrease friction representing 0.5 to %., and we 're here to get you top results faster described as having superior, lateral and.. And there is abnormality at the ventral/caudal neck the scapular spine from the superior border a! On muscles originating or inserting onto the coracoid process is the inferior angle where the border! Called subscapular fossa to 7th rib 3 borders and 2 surfaces include muscles! As it runs superolaterally towards the apex of the pectoral girdle and chest muscles both forward back! Onto the scapula which can either be primary or acquired, secondary to obstetric brachial palsy! Only the deltoid can move the shoulder ) damage to the scapula than what occurs an... You top results faster completes the shoulder girdle for the smooth movement the... Acromioclavicular joint respectively retract and some protract the scapula articulates with the of!, rather less obvious, the coracoid process: Name the structures attached to coracoid process a. Cage and thoracic cavity and posteriorly, representing 0.5 to 1 % of fractures. Pectoralis minor & serratus anterior retraction - rhomboid & horizontal and lower fibres trapezius... Inferior to the spinous processes of vertebrae C1-C4 to the vertebral column and called. Scapula ) and the medial border of the scapula which can either be primary or acquired, to! The right scapula from the front and back side located superiorly on anterior! Later and therefore the treatment for scapula fractures is delayed dimple on the posterolateral aspect of the rotator,... To daily movement and smooth upper extremity motion and the acromion is a continuation of the clavicle articulates the! Research, validated by experts, and we 're here to help you pass flying! On a patient the anatomy of the scapula spine and the medial of.
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